2023 WAEC GCE Financial Accounting Theory, Practice & Obj Answers

2023 WAEC GCE FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING ANSWERS
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F/ACCOUNTING
01-10: CCCDADBBBA
11-20: ABDCBADDAC
21-30: DBBBCBACAD
31-40: DDCDCDACBC
41-50: ABCDCBCDCB

Completed ✅
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THEORY ANSWERS
INSTRUCTIONS:

(1a) Two transactions that would result in an increase in stock are:
– Purchase of inventory or goods for resale.
– Transfer of inventory or goods from a different location or department within the business.

(1b) The term “goohill” is not a recognized accounting or business term. It may be a misspelling or a term specific to a certain industry or region, but without further context, it is not possible to provide an accurate explanation.

(1c) Source documents for the following items:
– Water charges paid: Water bill or invoice from the water utility company.
– Credit sales: Sales invoice or sales receipt.
– Credit purchases: Purchase invoice or purchase receipt.
– Wages: Payroll records or wage slips.
– Cash payment: Cash receipt or payment voucher.
– Electricity owed: Electricity bill or invoice from the electricity utility company.
– Returns by customers: Credit note or return slip issued to the customer.
– Returns to suppliers: Debit note or return slip issued to the supplier.
– Cheque deposit: Bank deposit slip or bank statement.
– Dishonored cheque: Cheque return memo or bank statement indicating the dishonored cheque.
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(2a)
The manufacturing account is a financial statement that shows the cost of producing goods in a manufacturing company. It includes direct materials, direct labor, and factory overhead expenses.

(2b)
(i) Direct materials: These are the raw materials or components used in the production process.
(ii) Direct labor: This refers to the wages or salaries paid to the workers directly involved in the manufacturing process.
(iii) Direct expenses: These are other costs directly associated with the production, such as fuel or specific tools.

(2c)
(i) Prime cost: It refers to the total cost of direct materials, direct labor, and direct expenses. It represents the main components of the production cost.

(ii) Factory overhead: Also known as indirect costs, factory overhead includes all the expenses incurred in the production process that are not directly attributable to specific units. It includes costs like rent, utilities, depreciation, and maintenance.

(iii) Work-in-progress: Work-in-progress (WIP) refers to goods that are in the process of being manufactured but are not yet finished. It represents the value of partially completed products at a specific point in time.

(iv) Finished goods: Finished goods are the completed products that are ready for sale to customers. They have gone through the entire manufacturing process and are in their final form.

(v) Market value of goods produced: The market value of goods produced refers to the estimated selling price of the finished goods at the time they are produced. It represents the value of the goods based on market demand and other factors.
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(3a)
Bad debt refers to money that is owed to a company or individual but is unlikely to be paid back. It’s basically a debt that becomes uncollectible.

(3b)
(i) When the debtor declares bankruptcy and has no assets to repay the debt.
(ii) When the debtor is untraceable or cannot be contacted.
(iii) When the debt is too small to pursue legally or the cost of recovery outweighs the debt.
(iv) When the debtor has passed away and there are no assets to settle the debt.
(v) When the debtor refuses to pay and there is no legal recourse available.

(3c)
(i) Bad debts are specific debts that have been identified as uncollectible, while provision for doubtful debts is an estimated amount set aside to cover potential bad debts.
(ii) Bad debts are written off when they are deemed uncollectible, while provision for doubtful debts remains as a reserve on the balance sheet.
(iii) Bad debts directly impact the profit and loss statement, reducing the company’s net income, while provision for doubtful debts affects the balance sheet by reducing the accounts receivable balance.
(iv) Bad debts are recognized after attempts to collect the debt have been made, while provision for doubtful debts is recognized as a precautionary measure before any specific debts are identified as uncollectible.
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(4a)
( Pick Any Three )
(i) The liability of the owners is limited to their investment in the company.

(ii) The company is a legal entity; as a result, it can sue and be sued.

(iii) The affairs of the company is managed by Board of Directors as ownership is separated from management.

(iv) In case of liquidation, the company’s assets will be used to settle debts.

(v) The company’s authorized capital is divided into shares.

(vi) The affairs of the company are governed by memorandum and article of association, formation or incorporation.

(vii) Dividend is based on the number of shares owned/Return on investment is called dividend.

(viii) The shares are quoted on the stock exchange in case of Public Limited Company while the shares are not quoted in case of Private Limited Company.

(4b)
( Pick Any Three )

(i) Companies have limited liability, whereas partners in a partnership have unlimited liability.

(ii) Companies can raise capital by issuing shares, whereas partnerships cannot.

(iii) Companies can sell shares to the public, whereas partnerships cannot.

(iv) Companies are subject to more regulation than partnerships.

(v) Companies have a more complex structure than partnerships.

(4c)
( Pick Any Three )
(i) Voting power
(ii) Ownership
(iii) The right to transfer ownership,
(iv) A claim to dividends,
(v) The right to inspect corporate documents
(vi) The right to sue for wrongful acts.
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Number 5

To prepare the accounts, we need to analyze the given information and record the transactions for the period ended 31/12/2020. Let’s start with the opening balances:

Opening Capital Balance:
The opening capital balance is not provided in the given information. Therefore, we cannot prepare the statement to show the opening capital balance.

Debtors Account:
Opening Balance: D 75,000
Credit Sales: D 210,000
Receipts from Debtors: D 144,000
Bad Debts: D 4,000

Calculation:
Opening Balance + Credit Sales – Receipts from Debtors – Bad Debts = Closing Balance
D 75,000 + D 210,000 – D 144,000 – D 4,000 = D 137,000

Debtors Account:
Debit Side:
Opening Balance: D 75,000
Credit Sales: D 210,000
Total: D 285,000

Credit Side:
Receipts from Debtors: D 144,000
Bad Debts: D 4,000
Closing Balance: D 137,000
Total: D 285,000

Cash Account:
Opening Balance: D 29,000
Receipts from Debtors: D 144,000
Carriage Inwards Paid by Cash: D 6,000
Payment for Rent: D 12,000
Payment for General Expenses: D 18,000

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