2024 NABTEB Civic Education Obj & Essay Answers

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2024 NABTEB CIVIC OBJ:
01-10: DDAABBDADB
11-20: AABCBADBDB
21-30: CCACCCDBDA
31-40: DAACDDCDBC
41-50: DCADABDAAC

COMPLETED

NABTEB CIVIC EDUCATION ESSAY

(1a)
Citizenship refers to the legal right to belong to a particular country, involving a relationship between an individual and the state. It means being an accepted member of a community, with specific rights, duties, and privileges recognized by the country’s laws.

(1b)
(Pick any six)
(i) Right to freedom of movement
(ii) Right to freedom from torture or inhuman treatment
(iii) Right to freedom from slavery or forced labor
(iv) Right to private life
(v) Right to fair hearing
(vi) Right to freedom of movement
(vii) Right to property acquisition
(viii) Right to peaceful assembly or association

(1c)
(Pick five only)
(i) Slander or libel: A citizen does not have the right to make false and damaging statements about other citizens. This limitation protects individuals from being defamed and ensures that freedom of speech does not hurt others’ reputations.

(ii) Conviction: A citizen who is convicted of a crime and is in prison may lose some rights, such as the right to vote or move freely. This limitation ensures that people who break the law face appropriate consequences.

(iii) Trespass: A citizen is not permitted to enter another person’s property without permission. This restriction ensures the protection of private property and personal privacy, thereby limiting the freedom of movement to respect others’ property rights.

(iv) Emergency Period: During emergencies like natural disasters, health crises, or civil unrest, the government can restrict citizens’ movements to ensure public safety and order. This temporary limitation helps manage crises effectively and protect the well-being of the population.

(v) Property Ownership: Citizens may not be allowed to own certain types of property, such as dangerous weapons or hazardous materials. This limitation is in place to keep the public safe and maintain social order, preventing potential harm to others.

(vi) State Security: Citizens are prohibited from joining secret societies or groups that threaten the country’s security. This limitation on the freedom of association is necessary to protect national security and ensure the stability and safety of the nation.

(2a)
UDHR means Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It represents widely accepted legal, moral, and philosophical beliefs and serves as a primary international statement of the fundamental and inalienable rights of every human being.

(2b)
(Pick five only)
(i) Right to Freedom of Thoughts, Conscience and Religion
(ii) Right to Freedom from Torture
(iii) Freedom from Servitude or Slavery
(iv) Right to Recognition as a Person
(v) Right to Protection from Imprisonment Over Debt
(vi) Right to Freedom from Retroactive Laws

(3a) A leader is someone whom others are willing to follow because he or she has demonstrated mastery in social relationships and is able to elicit positive reactions from others and is recognized for the ability to contribute more than most other members to meet the needs of the group as a whole.

(3b)
(i) Selfishness drives leaders to focus on personal gain rather than addressing the needs of their followers.
(ii) Party Interest pressures leaders to prioritize party needs over the interests of their followers.
(iii) Godfatherism compels leaders to divert public funds to satisfy their financial backers, neglecting their followers needs.
(iv) Manipulation of Election Results causes leaders to disregard followers interests as they did not earn their position through legitimate means.
(v) Lack of Political and Leadership Experience makes it difficult for leaders to meet followers needs due to insufficient experience in governance and decision-making.

(4a) A constitution is a body of agreed rules and principles that outline how the powers of governing a country are distributed and exercised. It establishes the basic framework or fundamental law of the land, specifying the structure of government, the distribution of powers among various government institutions, and the rights and responsibilities of citizens.

(4b)
(PICK FOUR ONLY)
(i) Accountability: Constitutions specify the responsibilities, powers, and limitations of government officials, allowing citizens to better oversee and hold them accountable. This clarity implies that leaders are responsible to the people.
(ii) Separation of powers: To prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful, constitutions divide authority among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. This system of checks and balances ensures that no single branch can dominate or misuse power.
(iii) Legal Interpretation: A constitution serves as the highest legal authority, offering a framework for interpreting laws and resolving disputes. Courts and judges rely on it to make decisions that adhere to the nation’s fundamental principles.
(iv) Framework of Government: A constitution defines the structure and functioning of the government, specifying the roles and powers of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, and how they work together.
(v) Rights and Responsibilities: It specifies the fundamental rights of individuals, such as freedom of speech and equality, and also details the responsibilities and duties that citizens have towards their country.
(vi) Law and Order: The constitution establishes a comprehensive legal framework that guides how laws are enacted, enforced, and adjudicated. This framework helps maintain public order, stability, and security by ensuring that legal processes are consistently applied and that the rule of law is upheld.
(vii) Political Stability: The constitution provides clear guidelines for the processes involved in electing, replacing, and transitioning between government officials. This clarity helps prevent political instability and uncertainty by establishing orderly and predictable methods for changes in leadership and government structure.

(4c)
(Pick two only)
(i) Constitutional conferences
(ii) Judicial precedents (Judgements)
(iii) Conventions
(iv) Customs and traditions
(v) Acts of parliament

(5a) Democracy is a form of government in which the people exercise their governing power either directly or through representatives periodically elected by them. It ensures people’s choices guide decisions and policies, promoting equality and community.

(5b)
(PICK FOUR ONLY)
(i) Provision of Opportunities: Democracy provides individuals with opportunities for personal development. It ensures access to education, job security, fair working conditions, and leisure, and allows individuals to have a say in their workplace. This helps prevent economic exploitation and promotes personal growth and well-being.
(ii) Value of Individual Personality: Democracy upholds the belief in the value of each individual’s personality. It emphasizes respecting others, listening to different viewpoints, and considering diverse perspectives in decision-making processes.
(iii) Political Parties: Democracy involves multiple political parties competing for power, which provides voters with a range of choices and promotes healthy political competition. This diversity helps prevent the concentration of power and encourages effective governance.
(iv) Free Associations and Groups: In a democratic system, citizens are free to form and support political parties and associations without fear of intimidation. This freedom allows for a variety of political opinions and ensures that people can advocate for their preferred candidates and policies.
(v) Political Liberty: Democracy provides political freedom by granting all eligible adults the right to vote and participate in elections. It includes regular elections and equal chances for political roles, allowing citizens to engage in governance and shape decisions.

(6a) Human trafficking is the trade in humans, where individuals are recruited, transported, or received through force, coercion, or other means for the purpose of exploitation. It commonly involves practices such as sexual slavery, forced labor, or commercial sexual exploitation organized by traffickers.

(6b)
(i) Weak Law Enforcement: When laws against trafficking are not enforced well or when police and officials are corrupt, traffickers can operate without fear of being caught. This makes it harder to stop trafficking and protect victims who are often too afraid to report what is happening to them.
(ii) Poverty: Traffickers target families struggling with poverty. They offer money and promises of better opportunities for their children if they send them away to work. Families hope this will improve their situation, but the children often end up in forced labor or prostitution.
(iii) Marginalization: Women and children in Nigeria are key targets for human trafficking due to their limited economic resources and their presence in the “invisible” formal sector. Despite some positive changes for women in the country’s new political landscape, economic marginalization remains a significant issue.
(iv) Illiteracy: Individuals with low education levels, such as those with only primary schooling, are at a higher risk of human trafficking. Traffickers exploit this lack of education by offering financial incentives to parents, who may not fully understand the dangers and potential exploitation their children could face.
(v) Civil and Military Conflicts: Ongoing civil and military conflicts displace people from their homes, increasing their vulnerability to trafficking. Traffickers take advantage of their urgent need for safety and stability to exploit them.