2024 NECO Data Processing Obj & Essay Answers

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2024 NECO DATA PROCESSING SOLUTION

DATA PROCESSING
01-10: CCBCDCACDC
11-20: EDEBCABCEE
21-30: DDDBACBEDC
31-40: CCDDBBBBAE
41-50: ABEDCCEDCD
51-60: CCAAADDEED

COMPLETED

Read More; Neco Yoruba Language Questions & Answers 2024

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DATA PROCESSING

(1ai)
A database management system (DBMS) is a software system that enables users to define, create, maintain, and control access to a database. It provides an interface for users to interact with the database by entering, editing, querying, and manipulating data.

(1aii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) A DBMS allows for centralized storage of data, making it easier to manage and access information from one location.
(ii) DBMS provides features for data security such as encryption, access control, and backup and recovery mechanisms to protect the data from unauthorized access and loss.
(iii) DBMS enforces data integrity constraints to ensure that data stored in the database is accurate and consistent.
(iv) With a DBMS, data is stored in a structured format, ensuring consistency across the database and preventing data redundancy.
(v) DBMS provides powerful query capabilities and indexing to retrieve data efficiently, improving data access and retrieval speed.
(vi) A well-designed DBMS can scale to accommodate growing data needs and optimize performance for transactions and queries.

(1bi)
Conceptual data modeling focuses on defining the business requirements and data entities without considering how the data will be stored in the database. It involves creating an abstract representation of the data requirements and relationships between entities using concepts like entities, attributes, and relationships.

(1bii)
Logical data modeling translates the conceptual data model into a more detailed representation that can be implemented in a specific database management system. It defines the structure of the data including tables, columns, keys, and relationships, without considering the physical aspects of the database.

(1biii)
Physical Data modeling involves the actual implementation of the database design at the physical level, taking into account the storage aspects, indexing, partitioning, and other considerations specific to the chosen DBMS. It focuses on optimizing the database structure for performance, storage efficiency, and accessibility.

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(2ai)
Log files are records of events and actions that occur within a system or application. They capture information such as user activities, system events, errors, and warnings. Log files are crucial for data security as they can be used for auditing, monitoring, troubleshooting, and forensic analysis. By analyzing log files, administrators can identify security breaches, unauthorized access, and potential vulnerabilities in the system.

(2aii)
Firewalls are network security devices that monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. They act as a barrier between trusted internal networks and untrusted external networks, filtering traffic to prevent unauthorized access, malicious attacks, and data breaches. Firewalls can be implemented at the network level, host level, or application level to protect data and systems from cyber threats.

(2b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Corrective Maintenance
(ii) Adaptive Maintenance
(iii) Perfective Maintenance
(iv) Preventive Maintenance
(v) Emergency Maintenance
(vi) Deferred Maintenance

*EXPLANATION*
(i) Corrective Maintenance:
Corrective maintenance involves fixing bugs, errors, and issues identified in the software after it has been deployed. This type of maintenance focuses on addressing problems to ensure the proper functioning of the software and prevent disruption to users.
(ii) Adaptive Maintenance:
Adaptive maintenance involves making changes to the software to adapt it to new environments, platforms, or requirements. This type of maintenance is necessary to ensure that the software remains compatible, functional, and effective as technology evolves.
(iii) Perfective Maintenance:
Perfective maintenance focuses on enhancing the software by adding new features, improving performance, and optimizing functionality. This type of maintenance aims to increase the value and efficiency of the software to meet changing user needs and expectations.
(iv) Preventive Maintenance:
Preventive maintenance involves proactively identifying and addressing potential issues or vulnerabilities in the software before they cause problems. This type of maintenance helps to mitigate risks, improve reliability, and ensure the long-term stability of the software.
(v) Emergency Maintenance:
Emergency maintenance is performed in response to critical issues that require immediate attention to prevent system failures, data loss, or security breaches. This type of maintenance is often unplanned and aims to resolve urgent issues to restore system functionality.
(vi) Deferred Maintenance:
Deferred maintenance involves postponing non-critical maintenance tasks or updates due to resource constraints, time limitations, or other priorities. While deferring maintenance may be necessary in some cases, it can lead to technical debt and increase the risk of future problems if not addressed promptly.

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(3ai)
A workbook is a file format used in spreadsheet applications, such as Microsoft Excel or Google Sheets, to store and organize data in a structured manner. It consists of multiple sheets, each containing cells, formulas, charts, and other elements to facilitate data manipulation and analysis.

(3aii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Accessibility: Websites should be accessible to users with disabilities, ensuring equal access to content and functionality for all individuals.
(ii) Responsiveness: Websites should be responsive and adapt to different screen sizes and devices, providing a seamless user experience across desktops, tablets, and smartphones.
(iii) Navigation: Websites should have intuitive navigation menus and structures to help users easily find and browse through different pages and sections.
(iv) Security: Websites should implement security measures, such as HTTPS encryption, secure login credentials, and protection against malware and cyber threats, to safeguard user data and privacy.
(v) Content Management: Websites should have a content management system (CMS) that allows administrators to create, edit, and publish content easily without technical expertise.
(vi) Search Engine Optimization (SEO): Websites should be optimized for search engines to improve visibility and ranking in search results, attracting more traffic and potential customers.

(3b)
[In a Tabular form]

-Parallel Operating Systems-
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) It Shares a single memory space across multiple processors.
(ii) Have faster communication between processors due to proximity.
(iii) Typically used in tightly-coupled systems for high-performance computing tasks.
(iv) Use a shared memory model for inter-process communication.
(v) Require complex synchronization mechanisms to manage shared resources.
(vi) Do not provide fault tolerance or scalability beyond a certain limit.

-Distributed Operating Systems-
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Have independent memory spaces for each node or processor.
(ii) Communicate over a network, which can introduce latency and network failures.
(iii) Designed for loosely-coupled systems with geographically dispersed nodes.
(iv) Use message passing for inter-process communication.
(v) Emphasize fault tolerance and scalability through redundancy and decentralization.
(vi) Require distributed algorithms for resource coordination and management.

(3bii)
Determinant is an attribute or set of attributes that uniquely determines other attributes within the same table. In relational database design, determinants are used to identify candidate keys, primary keys, and functional dependencies between columns. By identifying determinants, database designers can ensure data integrity, eliminate redundant information, and define relationships between entities in a database schema.

(4ai)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) A workbook is a file containing one or more worksheets, whereas a worksheet is a single sheet within a workbook.
(ii) A workbook is the entire document that can contain multiple sheets, while a worksheet is a single tab or page where data is entered and organized.
(iii) Workbooks are saved as separate files, while worksheets are contained within a workbook file.
(iv) Workbooks can contain a collection of related data and analysis tools, while worksheets are used to organize and manipulate data on a single page.
(v) Workbooks provide a platform for organizing and managing multiple sets of data, while worksheets focus on specific data sets or calculations.
(vi) Workbooks can be shared and collaborated on by multiple users, while individual worksheets within a workbook can be protected or hidden.

(4aii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Creating slideshows for business or academic presentations.
(ii) Designing visual aids for lectures, seminars, and workshops.
(iii) Developing marketing materials such as product presentations or sales pitches.
(iv) Sharing information in a visually engaging format during meetings or conferences.
(v) Collaborating on group projects by creating and editing slides together.
(vi) Creating interactive and multimedia-rich presentations for engaging and informing audiences.

(4bi)
-Compact Disk (CD)-
(i) Optical storage medium.
(ii) Read-only or rewritable.
(iii) Typically larger in size compared to flash drives.
(iv) Limited storage capacity ranging from 700 MB to 1.4 GB.
(v) Used for storing and playing music, software, and data backups.
(vi) Requires a CD drive for reading and writing data.

-Flash Drive-
(i) Solid-state storage device.
(ii) Rewritable and portable.
(iii) Compact and lightweight, available in various sizes and shapes.
(iv) Higher storage capacities ranging from a few gigabytes to terabytes.
(v) Used for storing, transferring, and backing up files, software, and multimedia content.
(vi) Plugs directly into USB ports for data transfer.

(4bii)
(i) First Normal Form (1NF)
(ii) Second Normal Form (2NF)

Explanation
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) First Normal Form (1NF): In 1NF, each attribute in a table must contain atomic values, meaning each field must hold a single value and cannot be further divided. This eliminates repeating groups and ensures data integrity by organizing data into distinct and unambiguous entities.
(ii) Second Normal Form (2NF): 2NF builds on 1NF by ensuring that each non-key attribute is fully functionally dependent on the primary key. This means that each non-key attribute must be dependent on the entire primary key, not just part of it, to prevent partial dependencies and maintain data consistency.

(5ai)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Visual Design: Includes elements such as layout, color schemes, typography, and imagery to create a visually appealing and consistent look for the website.
(ii) Interface Design: Focuses on user interaction and experience, including navigation menus, buttons, forms, and interactive elements to enhance usability.
(iii) Content Management System (CMS): Software that allows easy creation, editing, and management of digital content on the website without requiring technical expertise.
(iv) Responsive Design: Ensures the website layout adapts to different screen sizes and devices, providing a seamless user experience across desktop, tablet, and mobile platforms.
(v) Search Engine Optimization (SEO): Techniques incorporated into the design to optimize the website for search engines, improving visibility and ranking in search results.
(vi) Analytics Integration: Tools that track and analyze website performance metrics, user behavior, and traffic data to optimize and make informed decisions for continuous improvement.

(5aii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Creating visually appealing websites for businesses, organizations, and individuals.
(ii) Developing e-commerce platforms for online selling and purchasing of products and services.
(iii) Establishing online portfolios for artists, designers, photographers, and other creatives to showcase their work.
(iv) Building informative and engaging blogs for sharing content, articles, and news updates.
(v) Designing interactive and user-friendly interfaces for web applications and software products.
(vi) Customizing and enhancing existing websites to improve functionality, aesthetics, and user experience.

(5bi)
Information transmission refers to the process of conveying data, messages, or signals from one location to another through various communication channels, technologies, or mediums.

(5bii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Wired Transmission: Data is transferred through physical cables or wires, such as Ethernet cables, fiber optics, or coaxial cables.
(ii) Wireless Transmission: Data is transmitted over-the-air using wireless technologies like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular networks, or satellite communication.
(iii) Optical Transmission: Data is sent using light signals through optical fibers for high-speed and long-distance communication.
(iv) Radio Transmission: Data is broadcasted over radio waves using radio frequency (RF) technology for radio broadcasting, wireless networks, and communication systems.
(v) Satellite Transmission: Data is sent and received via communication satellites orbiting Earth to facilitate long-distance and global communication.
(vi) Microwave Transmission: Data is transmitted through microwave signals in point-to-point communication systems for short to medium-range links, such as in telecommunications and broadcasting.

(6ai)
Chat room: A chat room is an online platform or virtual space where multiple users can engage in real-time text-based communication. Users can join different chat rooms based on topics of interest or create private chat rooms for group discussions or one-on-one conversations.

(6aii)
Cookie: A cookie is a small piece of data stored on a user’s device by a website they visit. Cookies are used to track user behavior, store login credentials, personalize user experiences, and remember user preferences for future visits. They help websites provide customized content and improve usability.

(6aiii)
Telnet: Telnet is a network protocol used to establish a remote connection to a computer or server over a network. It allows users to access a command-line interface on a remote host and execute commands as if they were physically present at the remote location.

(6aiv)
FTP: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a standard network protocol used for transferring files between a client and a server on a computer network. It allows users to upload, download, and manage files securely over the internet.

(6b)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) .com (commercial)
(ii) .org (organization)
(iii) .net (network)
(iv) .edu (education)
(v) .gov (government)
(vi) .int (international organizations)