2024 NABTEB GCE Biology Obj & Essay Answers

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NABTEB GCE 2024 BIOLOGY ANSWERS

BIOLOGY OBJ
01-10: DCACDBADAB
11-20: DDBDADBACD
21-30: CDAABBDDBC
31-40: ABDCCDBDAB
41-50: DACADBDDAC

COMPLETED
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“`ANSWER FOUR(4) QUESTIONS ONLY, AT LEAST ONE(1) QUESTION FROM EACH PART“`

*PART I*

(1ai)
[img]https://i.ibb.co/YkSZnsr/IMG-WA0230.jpg[/img]

(1aii)
=COLONIAL ORGANISM=
(i) Intercellular cell-wall is absent.
(ii) Identical cells form a mass.

=FILAMENTOUS ALGAE=
(i) Inter-cellular cell-wall is present.
(ii) Identical cells form end- to -end arrangement/ threadlike filamentous/ linear structure.

(1bi)
(i) Non-cellular nature: Viruses lack a cellular structure; they consist of a nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA) enclosed within a protein coat.
(ii) Obligate intracellular parasites: Viruses can only replicate inside the living cells of a host organism.
(iii) Lack of metabolic activity: They do not have the enzymes or machinery for metabolism and rely entirely on the host cell.
(iv) Small size: Viruses are extremely small, typically ranging from 20 to 300 nanometers in size, making them visible only under an electron microscope.

(1bii)
SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2).

(1biii)
(i) Regular handwashing: Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
(ii) Wearing masks: Properly wearing masks, especially in crowded or indoor settings, reduces the spread of respiratory droplets.
(iii) Maintain social distancing: Keep a safe distance (about 1–2 meters) from others to minimize exposure to respiratory droplets.
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*PART II*

(2ai)
Venation refers to the arrangement of veins in a leaf. It is the pattern of distribution of vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) within a leaf.

(2aii)
(i) Reticulate venation: This type of venation has a net-like pattern of veins, where the veins are branched and interconnected.
(ii) Parallel venation: This type of venation has veins that run parallel to each other, without forming a network or branching.

(2bi)
[img]https://i.ibb.co/zbkKn8x/IMG-WA0229.jpg[/img]

(2bii)
(i) Ovary: The ovary protects the developing ovules and eventually develops into the fruit.
(ii) Ovule: The ovule contains the female gamete (egg cell) and after fertilization, develops into the seed.

(2biii)
(i) In a drupe, the endocarp is hard and stony while in a berry, the endocarp is soft and fleshy
(ii) While drupes can contain a single seed or multiple seeds, berries typically contain multiple seeds.
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(3a)
(i) High nutrient content
(ii) Good structure and texture
(iii) Rich in organic matter

(3b)
(i) Crop rotation: Alternating crops, especially legumes, to replenish soil nutrients.
(ii) Application of organic manure: Adding compost, farmyard manure, or green manure to enrich the soil.
(iii) Use of cover crops: Planting cover crops to reduce erosion and add organic matter to the soil.
(iv) Proper irrigation: Avoiding waterlogging or drought conditions to maintain soil health.
(v) Minimizing soil erosion: Using terracing, mulching, or windbreaks to prevent topsoil loss.

(3ci)
(i) Continuous monocropping.
(ii) Overgrazing by livestock.
(iii) Excessive use of chemical fertilizers without replenishment of organic matter.

(3cii)
(i) Enhancing soil aeration: Their burrowing creates channels for air and water to penetrate the soil.
(ii) Decomposing organic matter: They break down plant and animal debris, enriching the soil with nutrients.
(iii) Improving soil structure: Their movement helps to mix soil particles and improve its structure.
(iv) Boosting nutrient availability: Their castings contain concentrated nutrients readily available to plants.
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*PART III*

(4a)
(i) Flatworm: Flame cells
(ii) Paramecium: Contractile vacuole
(iii) Young balsam plant: Stomata and lenticels (for gaseous excretion), and vacuoles for other metabolic wastes
(iv) Cockroach: Malpighian tubules

(4b)
(i) Detoxification: The liver neutralizes toxins and harmful substances in the blood.
(ii) Bile production: Produces bile, which helps emulsify fats during digestion.
(iii) Storage of glycogen: Converts excess glucose into glycogen for storage.
(iv) Protein metabolism: Converts ammonia (a toxic byproduct) into urea for excretion and synthesizes plasma proteins like albumin.
(v) Regulation of blood composition: Helps regulate glucose levels, iron, and cholesterol in the blood.

(4ci)
Uric acid

(4cii)
(i) Thyroid gland: Secretes thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
(ii) Pancreas: Secretes insulin and glucagon.
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(5ai)
Sexual reproduction is the biological process in which two organisms of the same species produce offspring by combining their genetic materials through the fusion of male and female gametes (sperm and egg).

(5aii)
(i) Visual Displays: Many animals perform elaborate visual displays, such as the peacock spreading its colorful feathers or birds performing dances.
(ii) Vocal Calls: Birds and frogs often use unique songs or calls to attract mates.
(iii) Scent Marking: Some animals release pheromones or use scent markings to signal their readiness to mate, such as in certain mammals.

(5aiii)
(i) Condoms
(ii) Oral contraceptives
(iii) Intrauterine device (IUD)

(5b)
[img]https://i.ibb.co/VM4DvRW/IMG-WA0228.jpg[/img]
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*PART IV*

(6ai)
Mendel’s Law of Inheritance
Mendel’s laws of inheritance are:
(i) Law of Segregation: Each individual carries two alleles for each trait, which separate (segregate) during gamete formation, ensuring each gamete receives only one allele.
(ii) Law of Independent Assortment: Alleles for different traits assort independently of one another during gamete formation, provided the genes are not linked.

(6aii)
[img]https://i.ibb.co/x7b6H3B/IMG-WA0227.jpg[/img]

(6bi)
A population refers to the total number of individuals of the same species living in a specific area at a given time, capable of interbreeding and sharing the same resources.

(6bii)
=BIOTIC FACTORS=
(i) Predation
(ii) Availability of food

=ABIOTIC FACTORS=
(i) Temperature
(ii) Water availability

(6c)
(i) Soil Degradation: Reduces soil fertility, inhibiting plant growth.
(ii) Water Pollution: Contaminates water bodies, harming aquatic life.
(iii) Loss of Biodiversity: Kills organisms, leading to reduced species diversity.
(iv) Air Pollution: Release of toxic fumes during spillage harms air quality and health
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COMPLETED

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