NABTEB 2024 Introduction To Building Construction Answers

NABTEB 2024 INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

INTRODUCTION BUILDING CONSTRUCTION OBJ
01-10: DDCCBBDCCB
11-20: CCCBCCBDBC
21-30: ABBDAAAADD
31-40: BABBABBBBB

“`ANSWER FIVE(5) QUESTIONS ONLY“`

(1a)
Setting out a building involves the process of transferring the building design and layout from the plans to the actual site, ensuring accurate placement and dimensions. This involves:
(i) Identifying the site boundaries and establishing a benchmark (reference point).
(ii) Measuring and marking the building’s footprint, including walls, corners, and door/window openings.
(iii) Checking and verifying the measurements against the building plans.
(iv) Physical marking of the building’s layout on the site using stakes, strings, and other markers.

(1b)
(i) Measuring tapes (steel or fiberglass)
(ii) Level (laser or spirit level)
(iii)Stakes and strings
(iv) Pegs and markers (paint or chalk)

(1c)
(i) Traditional method: Using measuring tapes, levels, and strings to mark out the building’s layout.
(ii) Modern method: Using surveying equipment, such as GPS and total stations, to accurately establish the building’s layout and position.
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(3a)
A building wall is a vertical structure that encloses and divides a building into separate spaces, providing support, protection, and insulation.

(3b)
(i) Support: Resisting vertical and horizontal loads, such as weight and wind.
(ii) Weather resistance: Protecting the building from rain, sun, wind, and temperature fluctuations.
(iii) Insulation: Reducing heat transfer and energy loss.
(iv) Security: Preventing unauthorized access and providing privacy.
(v) Aesthetics: Enhancing the building’s appearance and architectural appeal.
(vi) Noise reduction: Minimizing sound transmission from outside.
(vii) Fire resistance: Providing a barrier to prevent fire spread.

(3c)
(i) Load-bearing walls: Supporting the building’s weight and transferring loads to the foundation.
(ii) Non-load bearing walls (partition walls): Dividing spaces without supporting the building’s weight.
(iii) Exterior walls (external walls): Enclosing the building and providing weather resistance.
(iv) Curtain walls: Non-load bearing exterior walls, often made of glass or metal, attached to the building frame.
(v) Retaining walls: Supporting soil or other materials, often used in landscaping and foundation construction.
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(5a)
In building construction, concrete refers to a composite material made from a mixture of cement, water, aggregates (such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone), and admixtures (chemical additives).

(5b)
(i) Tamping tool (hand tamper or power tamper): Compacts and smooths freshly poured concrete.
(ii) Concrete mixer: Blends cement, water, and aggregates to produce fresh concrete.
(iii) Concrete finishing trowel: Smooths and finishes the surface of freshly poured concrete.
(iv) Rebar cutter and bender: Cuts and shapes steel reinforcement bars (rebar) for reinforced concrete applications.

(5c)
Reinforced concrete is a type of concrete that combines the strength of concrete with the tensile strength of steel reinforcement, such as rebar or fiber mesh. .
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(6a)
(i) Panel doors
(ii) Ledged doors
(iii) Batten doors
(iv) Flush doors

(6b)
(i) To provide access and entry into a room or space
(ii) To provide privacy, security, and separation from adjacent areas

(6c)
Ledge, Brace, and Batten doors are constructed with vertical boards (ledges) held together by horizontal boards (braces) and diagonal boards (battens), resulting in a simple, traditional, and robust design. They are often used for utility or service doors where a rough finish is acceptable.

In contrast, Panel doors consist of a frame with panels (flat sections) filling the space between the frame members, offering a more decorative and finished appearance. They can be made with various materials, such as wood, glass, or metal, and are commonly used for interior and exterior doors where a more refined look is desired.
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(7a)
(i) Bonding: The process of connecting reinforcing bars (rebar) in concrete to create a strong and continuous structure.

(ii) Concrete cover: The thickness of concrete between the surface and the reinforcement bars, protecting them from corrosion and damage.

(iii) Surface water: Rainwater that collects on the surface of the ground or on roofs, which needs to be drained to prevent erosion and water damage.

(iv) Septic tank: An underground container that treats and holds wastewater from buildings, decomposing organic matter and separating solids and liquids.

(v) Skirting: A finishing material (e.g., wood, PVC) used to cover the gap between the floor and the wall, concealing uneven edges and providing a decorative border.

(vi) Cladding: Exterior covering material (e.g., brick, metal, vinyl) applied to a building’s walls to provide weather resistance, insulation, and aesthetic appeal.

(7bi)
(i) PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipes
(ii) Clay pipes
(iii) Cast iron pipes
(iv) Concrete pipes

(7bii)
PVC pipes:
PVC pipes are a popular choice for drainage systems due to their durability, resistance to corrosion, and ease of installation. They are made from polyvinyl chloride material, which is lightweight, flexible, and resistant to chemicals and abrasion. PVC pipes come in various sizes and are often used for both above-ground and underground drainage applications. They are also relatively inexpensive and require minimal maintenance.
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